Programming the time into 3D printing: current advances and future directions in 4D printing

B Shen, O Erol, L Fang, SH Kang - Multifunctional Materials, 2020 - iopscience.iop.org
Abstract 3D printing technology has revolutionized various fields since it was first developed
in the 1980s. In 2013, time was introduced to the spatial dimensions of the 3D printing as a …

Recent advances of two-way shape memory polymers and four-dimensional printing under stress-free conditions

D Ke, Z Chen, ZY Momo, W Jiani, C Xuan… - Smart Materials and …, 2020 - iopscience.iop.org
In comparison with one-way shape memory polymers (SMPs) under specific stimulation, two-
way SMPs can realize reversible shape changes without external manual reprogramming …

Dynamic, viscoelasticity-driven shape change of elastomer bilayers

W Shu, CN Kaplan, JR Barone - ACS Applied Polymer Materials, 2024 - ACS Publications
Thin bilayers made of elastic sheets with different strain recoveries can be used for dynamic
shape morphing through ambient stimuli such as temperature, mass diffusion, and light. As a …