Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies have achieved clinical benefit, but most
'immune-cold'solid tumors are not responsive. The diversity of immune evasion mechanisms …

Unprecedented advances have been made in cancer treatment with the use of immune
checkpoint blockade (ICB). However, responses are limited to a subset of patients, and …

Sex differences are present across multiple non-reproductive organ cancers, with male
individuals generally experiencing higher incidence of cancer with poorer outcomes …

Cancer is a complex disease whose outcome depends largely on the cross-talk between the
tumor and its microenvironment. Here, we review the evolution of the field of tumor …

Objective The monoclonal antibodies anti-programmed death protein-1 (anti–PD-1)
nivolumab and pembrolizumab are the first immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) approved for …

The last 50 years have witnessed extraordinary developments in understanding
mechanisms of carcinogenesis, synthesized as the hallmarks of cancer. Despite this logical …

It is well-known that sex hormones can directly and indirectly influence immune cell function.
Different studies support a suppressive role of androgens on different components of the …

Simple Summary Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most common cancer, causing
almost half a million deaths worldwide every year. The two subtypes of HNC are distinctly …

The hypothalamic–pituitary (HP) unit can produce various hormones to regulate immune
responses, and some of its downstream hormones or effectors are elevated in cancer …

The global burden of cancer is growing and a wide disparity in the incidence, malignancy
and mortality of different types of cancer between each sex has been demonstrated. The sex …