We present a review on the natural infection by trypanosomatids of nonhuman vertebrates in
Chile, aiming to synthesize and update the knowledge on the diversity of trypanosomatids …

Avian malaria is a vector-borne parasitic disease caused by Plasmodium infection
transmitted to birds by mosquitoes. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the …

Latitudinal gradients are well-suited systems that may be helpful explaining distribution of
haemosporidian parasites and host susceptibility. We studied the prevalence, diversity and …

This chapter provides a brief overview of how natural gradients (eg, latitude, altitude, and
landscape gradients) affect host–parasite interactions involving blood parasites in wildlife …

Haemosporidian parasites of the genera Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, and Leucocytozoon
are among the best studied parasites of Neotropical birds. Here, we describe variation in …

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a genetic region in jawed vertebrates that
contains key genes involved in the immune response. Associations between the MHC and …

Background Parasites can exert selection pressure on their hosts through effects on survival,
on reproductive success, on sexually selected ornament, with important ecological and …

Abstract Knowledge on hemoparasites and immunological parameters in wild birds with
Arctic distribution is limited. In this study, we chose the Snow Bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis) …

Although parrot species are infrequently infected by hemoparasites in the wild, some fatal
infections have been reported in captive individuals. Conversely birds of prey are frequently …

Plasmodium relictum is the most common generalist avian malaria parasite, which was
reported in over 300 bird species of different orders, particularly often in passerines. This …