In hot and dry urban environments, courtyards help mitigate extreme heat and influence the
urban microclimate. These structures not only provide light and private outdoor spaces but …

While in recent years significant improvements have been made in the thermal adaptation of
indoor building environments, less progress has been made in improving thermal comfort in …

Neighbourhoods in cities generate social inequality risks due to outdated climate passive
control infrastructures. Previous research has explored thermal comfort related to health …

Cities confront two critical challenges: general overheating and inefficient use of energy
resources within their housing buildings, both adversely affecting urban citizens' daily lives …

Abstract Development of individual building in existing district is common in high-density
cities due to the limited space. Such development affects the local microclimate naturally, but …

Accurate information on air conditioning (AC) energy consumption in residential buildings is
critical for enhancing the efficiency of demand response (DR) programs and promoting …

The past COVID-19 pandemic has created new demand and expectations for next-
generation buildings. Besides proper indoor air quality (IAQ) and daylight in the indoor …

Vernacular dwellings have demonstrated the ability to create desirable indoor thermal
environments with nominal energy consumption through a proper passive design. This study …

This study examines the role of Mediterranean courtyards as passive systems for mitigating
extreme climatic conditions while enhancing thermal comfort and preserving architectural …

As urbanization increases, buildings require greater amounts of energy for heating and
cooling, thereby necessitating the search for effective solutions. The courtyard is often …