The photophysical and photochemical reactions, after light absorption by a photosynthetic
pigment–protein complex, are among the fastest events in biology, taking place on …

As succinctly summarized by Wolf, 1 lack of vitamin A (all-trans-retinol) was recognized by
ancient Egyptians as causing a visual deficiency involving the retina and cornea that could …

Three major classes of flavin photosensors, light oxygen voltage (LOV) domains, blue light
sensor using FAD (BLUF) proteins and cryptochromes (CRYs), regulate diverse biological …

Time-resolved optical spectroscopy plays a key role in illuminating the mechanisms of many
fundamental processes in physics, chemistry, and biology. However, to extract the essential …

We report here our systematic studies of excited-state dynamics of two common flavin
molecules, FMN and FAD, in five redox states oxidized form, neutral and anionic …

Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) is a promising semiconductor material for photoelectrochemical
water splitting showing good visible light absorption and a high photochemical stability. To …

Blue light sensing using flavin (BLUF) domains constitute a family of flavin-binding
photoreceptors of bacteria and eukaryotic algae. BLUF photoactivation proceeds via a light …

Rhodopsins had long been considered non-fluorescent until a peculiar voltage-sensitive
fluorescence was reported for archaerhodopsin-3 (Arch3) derivatives. These proteins …

The orange carotenoid protein (OCP) is a two-domain photoactive protein that noncovalently
binds an echinenone (ECN) carotenoid and mediates photoprotection in cyanobacteria. In …

Cryptochrome (CRY) is a blue-light sensitive flavoprotein that functions as the primary
circadian photoreceptor in Drosophila melanogaster. The mechanism by which it transmits …