CD8+ T cells specific for cancer cells are detected within tumours. However, despite their
presence, tumours progress. The clinical success of immune checkpoint blockade and …

In chronic infections and in cancer, persistent antigen stimulation under suboptimal
conditions can lead to the induction of T-cell exhaustion. Exhausted T cells are …

In a large proportion of cancer patients, CD8 T cells are excluded from the vicinity of cancer
cells. The inability of CD8 T cells to reach tumor cells is considered an important mechanism …

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells used for the treatment of B cell malignancies can
identify T cell subsets with superior clinical activity. Here, using infusion products of …

Programmed cell death–1 (PD-1) is a coinhibitory receptor that suppresses T cell activation
and is an important cancer immunotherapy target. Upon activation by its ligand PD-L1, PD-1 …

Following their exit from the thymus, T cells are endowed with potent effector functions but
must spare host tissue from harm. The fate of these cells is dictated by a series of …

Molecular and Biochemical Aspects of the PD-1 Checkpoint Pathway | New England Journal of
Medicine Skip to main content The New England Journal of Medicine homepage Advanced …

In chronic infections and cancer, T cells are exposed to persistent antigen and/or
inflammatory signals. This scenario is often associated with the deterioration of T cell …

The biology of solid tumors is strongly determined by the interactions of cancer cells with
their surrounding microenvironment. In this regard, pancreatic cancer (pancreatic ductal …

T-cell exhaustion is a phenomenon of dysfunction or physical elimination of antigen-specific
T cells reported in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and …