Botulinum neurotoxin has revolutionized the treatment of spasticity and is now administered
worldwide. There are currently three leading botulinum neurotoxin type A products available …

(Headache 2010; 50: 921‐936) Objective.—To assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of
onabotulinumtoxinA (BOTOX®) as headache prophylaxis in adults with chronic migraine …

Botulinum toxin, the most potent biological toxin, has become a powerful therapeutic tool for
a growing number of clinical applications. This review draws attention to new findings about …

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) cause flaccid paralysis by interfering with vesicle fusion and
neurotransmitter release in the neuronal cells. BoNTs are the most widely used therapeutic …

Botulinum neurotoxins are formulated biologic pharmaceuticals used therapeutically to treat
a wide variety of chronic conditions, with varying governmental approvals by country. Some …

To evaluate the immunogenicity of botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA; BOTOX) in cervical
dystonia (CD). Subjects diagnosed with CD for≥ 1 year and previously naïve to BoNTs were …

This meta‐analysis evaluated the frequency of neutralizing antibody (nAb) conversion with
onabotulinumtoxinA (BOTOX®; Allergan) across five studied indications. The analysis was …

Background To evaluate efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin A injections after more than
10 consecutive years of treatment for benign essential blepharospasm and hemifacial …

Since its introduction into clinical medicine in 1980, botulinum toxin has become a major
therapeutic drug with applications valuable to many medical sub-specialties. Its use was …

Botulinum toxin type A is a 150 kD protein produced by Clostridium botulinum, which exists
in a complex with up to six additional proteins. The ability of botulinum toxin to inhibit …