Plants have developed a complex defense system against diverse pests and pathogens.
Once pathogens overcome mechanical barriers to infection, plant receptors initiate signaling …

Since the beginning of the 21 st century, climate change has been pervasive. Such climatic
instabilities not only trigger plants' adaptability and survivability in harsh environments, but …

The NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1) and related
NPR1-like proteins are a functionally similar, yet surprisingly diverse family of transcription …

Transcriptional regulation is a central process in plant immunity. The induction or repression
of defense genes is orchestrated by signaling networks that are directed by plant hormones …

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is an induced immune mechanism in plants. Unlike
vertebrate adaptive immunity, SAR is broad spectrum, with no specificity to the initial …

Pathogen recognition by plants results in the activation of signaling pathways that induce
defense reactions. There is growing evidence indicating that epigenetic mechanisms directly …

Plant growth and response to environmental cues are largely governed by phytohormones.
The plant hormones ethylene, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid (SA) play a central role in the …

It has been almost 20 years since the first report of a WRKY transcription factor, SPF1, from
sweet potato. Great progress has been made since then in establishing the diverse …

Due to global warming and population growth, plants need to rescue themselves, especially
in unfavorable environments, to fulfill food requirements because they are sessile …

In the natural environment, plants face constant exposure to biotic stress caused by fungal
attacks. The plant's response to various biotic stresses relies heavily on its ability to rapidly …