Retroviruses infect a broad range of vertebrate hosts that includes amphibians, reptiles, fish,
birds and mammals. In addition, a typical vertebrate genome contains thousands of loci …

SUMMARY Fifty years ago, David Baltimore published a brief conceptual paper delineating
the classification of viruses by the routes of genome expression. The six “Baltimore classes” …

Viruses with RNA genomes dominate the eukaryotic virome, reaching enormous diversity in
animals and plants. The recent advances of metaviromics prompted us to perform a detailed …

Viruses are ubiquitous parasites of cellular life and the most abundant biological entities on
Earth. It is widely accepted that viruses are polyphyletic, but a consensus scenario for their …

Nearly all organisms are hosts to multiple viruses that collectively appear to be the most
abundant biological entities in the biosphere. With recent advances in metagenomics and …

Viruses are considered to be the most abundant biological entities on earth. They also
display striking genetic diversity as emphatically demonstrated by the recent advances of …

Almost half of the human genome is made up of transposable elements (TEs), and about 8%
consists of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs). ERVs are remnants of ancient exogenous …

Single-stranded (ss) DNA viruses are a major component of the earth virome. In particular,
the circular, Rep-encoding ssDNA (CRESS-DNA) viruses show high diversity and …

Viruses and mobile genetic elements are molecular parasites or symbionts that coevolve
with nearly all forms of cellular life. The route of virus replication and protein expression is …

Originally, viruses were defined as miniscule infectious agents that passed through filters
that retain even the smallest cells. Subsequently, viruses were considered obligate …