BACKGROUND Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are places in the ocean that receive
protection to safeguard biodiversity from abatable threats. Confusion exists about the …

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are designated parts of the ocean that restrict human
activities to a certain degree. MPAs are established around the world using a wide range of …

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are a cornerstone of marine conservation. Globally, the
number and coverage of MPAs are increasing, but MPA implementation lags in many …

Large marine protected areas are increasingly being established to meet global
conservation targets and promote sustainable use of resources. Although the factors …

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are a global conservation and management tool to enhance
the resilience of linked social-ecological systems with the aim of conserving biodiversity and …

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are globally important environmental management tools that
provide protection from the effects of human exploitation and activities, supporting the …

Many shark populations are in decline around the world, with severe ecological and
economic consequences. Fisheries management and marine protected areas (MPAs) have …

Designated large-scale marine protected areas (LSMPAs, 100,000 or more square
kilometers) constitute over two-thirds of the approximately 6.6% of the ocean and …

Marine megafauna has always elicited contrasting feelings. In the past, large marine
animals were often depicted as fantastic mythological creatures and dangerous monsters …

Global declines in shark populations have created uncertainty in the future status of many
species and conservation efforts are urgently needed. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are …