This is the first account of the history of modelling dendritic and cellular solidification. While
Part I reviewed the progress up to the year 2000 [Kurz W, Fisher DJ, Trivedi R. Progress in …

Powder-based additive manufacturing (AM) is revolutionizing the fabrication of advanced
engineering metallic materials, including aluminium (Al) alloys, which are the workhorse …

This paper provides insights into the effect of high thermal gradients and cooling rates on
equiaxed grain nucleation and growth in conditions similar to those experienced during …

The Interdependence model is now widely used to analyze the results of grain refinement
studies. Although the model was developed to predict the grain size of an alloy cast under …

Metal additive manufacturing (MAM) technology is now changing the pattern of the high-end
manufacturing industry, among which microstructure simulation gradually shows its …

Manipulating the formation of new grains in metal additive manufacturing (AM) is critical for
tailoring the grain structure in the as-built components. Temperature gradient and …

Dendritic fragmentation should be strictly prevented to avoid introducing new equiaxed
grains of arbitrary orientations (known as freckles) in the single crystal blade, whose …

Metastable β-Titanium alloys containing a high content of segregated β-stabilising elements
such as Cr make segregation defects (known as β-flecks or β-freckles) difficult to avoid …

A freckle is a grain defect frequently found in Ni-based single-crystal (SC) superalloy
castings resulting in a high scrap rate. A precise prediction of the defect before production is …

Single-crystal superalloy turbine blades (TBs) fabricated using directional solidification are
key components of aeroengines and gas turbines. Owing to thermal–solutal convection …