This paper is the first of a series of four GMD papers on the PMIP4-CMIP6 experiments. Part
2 (Otto-Bliesner et al., 2017) gives details about the two PMIP4-CMIP6 interglacial …

Abstract Study Analysis Group 21 (SAG21) of NASA's Exoplanet Exploration Program
Analysis Group was organized to study the effect of stellar contamination on space-based …

ICON‐A is the new icosahedral nonhydrostatic (ICON) atmospheric general circulation
model in a configuration using the Max Planck Institute physics package, which originates …

This paper describes the recommended solar forcing dataset for CMIP6 and highlights
changes with respect to CMIP5. The solar forcing is provided for radiative properties, namely …

Global Physical Climatology, Second Edition, provides an introduction to the science of
climate and climate change that spans the atmosphere, ocean, and land surface, and the …

Reconstructions of the global mean annual temperature evolution during the Holocene yield
conflicting results. One temperature reconstruction shows global cooling during the late …

The Sun is the main energy source to Earth, and understanding its variability is of direct
relevance to climate studies. Measurements of total solar irradiance (TSI) exist since 1978 …

The pre-industrial millennium is among the periods selected by the Paleoclimate Model
Intercomparison Project (PMIP) for experiments contributing to the sixth phase of the …

Multi-A**s Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) is a well-established
ground-based measurement technique for the detection of aerosols and trace gases …

The magnetic field of the Sun is generated by internal dynamo process with a cyclic period
of 11 years or a 22 year magnetic cycle. The signatures of the Sun's magnetic cycle are …