Evolution of animal morphology, physiology and behaviour is shaped by the selective
pressures to which they are subject. Some selective pressures act to increase the benefits …

Brains perform with remarkable efficiency, are capable of prodigious computation, and are
marvels of communication. We are beginning to understand some of the geometric …

Neuroscience research has exploded, with more than fifty thousand neuroscientists applying
increasingly advanced methods. A mountain of new facts and mechanisms has emerged …

The hyperpolarization-activated cation current (I h) plays an important role in regulating
neuronal excitability, yet its native single-channel properties in the brain are essentially …

Trade-offs between energy consumption and neuronal performance must shape the design
and evolution of nervous systems, but we lack empirical data showing how neuronal energy …

Highlights•Electrical signaling consumes substantial amounts of energy influencing
physiology and anatomy.•Action potential energy consumption depends on the voltage …

Organisms evolve as compromises, and many of these compromises can be expressed in
terms of energy efficiency. For example, a compromise between rate of information …

We present a design framework for neuromorphic architectures in the nano-CMOS era. Our
approach to the design of spiking neurons and STDP learning circuits relies on parallel …

Brains are composed of networks of an enormous number of neurons interconnected with
synapses. Neural information is carried by the electrical signals within neurons and the …

Human decisions are based on finite information, which makes them inherently imprecise.
But what determines the degree of such imprecision? Here, we develop an efficient coding …