Tissue/organ shortage is a major medical challenge due to donor scarcity and patient
immune rejections. Furthermore, it is difficult to predict or mimic the human disease condition …

Abstract 4D bioprinting is the next-generation additive manufacturing-based fabrication
platform employed to construct intricate, adaptive, and dynamic soft and hard tissue …

Drug delivery systems (DDS) are defined as methods by which drugs are delivered to
desired tissues, organs, cells and subcellular organs for drug release and absorption …

Abstract 3D printing is a rapidly growing technology that has an enormous potential to
impact a wide range of industries such as engineering, art, education, medicine, and …

Growing demand for customized pharmaceutics and medical devices makes the impact of
additive manufacturing increased rapidly in recent years. The 3D printing has become one …

The cancer microenvironment is known for its complexity, both in its content as well as its
dynamic nature, which is difficult to study using two-dimensional (2D) cell culture models …

Additive manufacturing (AM) alias 3D printing translates computer-aided design (CAD)
virtual 3D models into physical objects. By digital slicing of CAD, 3D scan, or tomography …

Light-and ink-based three-dimensional (3D) printing methods allow the rapid design and
fabrication of materials without the need for expensive tooling, dies or lithographic masks …

Smart materials, also known as intelligent materials, which are responsive to the external
stimuli including heat, moisture, stress, pH, and magnetic fields, have found extensive …

FDA recently approved a 3D-printed drug product in August 2015, which is indicative of a
new chapter for pharmaceutical manufacturing. This review article summarizes progress …