The primary reason animals, including insect herbivores, eat is to acquire a mix of nutrients
needed to fuel the processes of growth, development, and reproduction. Most insect …

▪ Abstract A number of aposematic butterfly and diurnal moth species sequester unpalatable
or toxic substances from their host plants rather than manufacturing their own defensive …

▪ Abstract Social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) forage for water, pulp, carbohydrates, and
animal protein. When hunting, social wasps are opportunistic generalists and use a variety …

Most plant families are distinguished by characteristic secondary metabolites, which can
function as putative defence against herbivores. However, many herbivorous insects of …

In addition to their well-documented beneficial effects on plant physiological processes,
anthocyanins have also been proposed to function in a diverse array of plant/animal …

Insects have evolved various types of antipredator defenses. For example, many insects
have evolved crypsis, and exhibit cryptic body colors and shapes for hiding from predators …

Trade‐offs in fitness on different host plants has been a central hypothesis in explaining the
evolutionary specialization of herbivores. Surprisingly, only a few studies have documented …

Specializing on host plants with toxic secondary compounds enforces specific adaptation in
insect herbivores. In this review, we focus on two compound classes, iridoid glycosides and …

Larval lepidopterans (hereafter, caterpillars) protect themselves from natural enemies with a
diverse suite of defenses which are employed before, during, or after encounters with …

Two very different factors favor generalist herbivores over specialist herbivores: greater
resource availability, which should be universally beneficial, and the possibility of mixing …