Vickrey [Vickrey, WS, 1964. Microstatics, Harcourt, Brace and World, New York] shows that
the number of firms entering is excessive in his circle model of product differentiation. We …

This paper considers a location model to illustrate the effect of zoning on competition. A
planner is in charge of designing a city in a circular space where firms and consumers are …

We investigate two ship** (delivered pricing) duopoly models with circular markets,
Cournot and Bertrand. In the Cournot model, maximal distance between two firms becomes …

We develop a spatial monopolistic competition model in which city structure formation is
entirely driven by market interactions. When preferences and transport costs are described …

We focus on the general linear‐quadratic transportation costs in the linear model. Earlier
results have shown that no pure‐strategy price equilibrium exists for whatever firm locations …

This book focuses on three questions. First, what are the impacts of location decisions of
firms—by affecting prices in various markets—on the locations of their customers, suppliers …

Scientific crowdsourcing, which can effectively obtain wisdom from solvers, has become a
new type of open innovation to address worldwide scientific and research problems. In the …

This paper focuses on the analysis of price equilibrium in a two‐stage game within the linear‐
city model of spatial competition. Assuming a convex linear‐quadratic transport cost function …

Since circular model was introduced in Salop (Bell J Econ 10: 141–156, 1979), it has been
the workhorse for analyzing spatial competition among differentiated firms. A common …

This research explores the equilibria of a spatial model with consumers having finite
reservation prices and two firms under Cournot‐Bertrand competition. We find three types of …