Organoids are three-dimensional (3D) miniature structures cultured in vitro produced from
either human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) or adult stem cells (AdSCs) derived from …

Reactive astrocytes are astrocytes undergoing morphological, molecular, and functional
remodeling in response to injury, disease, or infection of the CNS. Although this remodeling …

Brain-inspired computing hardware aims to emulate the structure and working principles of
the brain and could be used to address current limitations in artificial intelligence …

Human brain organoids replicate much of the cellular diversity and developmental anatomy
of the human brain. However, the physiology of neuronal circuits within organoids remains …

Brain organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells provide a highly valuable in vitro
model to recapitulate human brain development and neurological diseases. However, the …

Neurons in the cerebral cortex connect through descending pathways to hindbrain and
spinal cord to activate muscle and generate movement. Although components of this …

Summary Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, leads to respiratory symptoms that can be …

Our ancestors acquired morphological, cognitive and metabolic modifications that enabled
humans to colonize diverse habitats, develop extraordinary technologies and reshape the …

Microglia are resident immune cells in the central nervous system, playing critical roles in
brain development and homeostasis. Increasing evidence has implicated microglia …

Realizing the full potential of organoids and assembloids to model neural development and
disease will require improved methods for long-term, minimally invasive recording of …