NADPH oxidases (NOXs) form a family of electron-transporting membrane enzymes whose
main function is reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Strong evidence suggests that …

Microglia are the immune effector cells of the brain playing critical roles in immune
surveillance and neuroprotection in healthy conditions, while they can sustain …

Oxidative stress has long been implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis,
although the sources and regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production are poorly …

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) is a multisubunit
enzyme complex that participates in the generation of superoxide or hydrogen peroxide …

Migraine is one of the most common neurological illnesses, and it is characterized by
complicated neurobiology. It was confirmed the influence of inflammation and oxidative …

The development of essential hypertension involves several factors. Vascular dysfunction,
characterized by endothelial dysfunction, low-grade inflammation and structural remodeling …

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) causing cognitive impairment and dementia are
difficult to treat due to the lack of understanding of primary initiating factors. Meanwhile …

Microalgae are highly photosynthetic unicellular organism that have increased demand in
the recent days owing to the presence of valuable cellular metabolites. They are ubiquitous …

Both genetic and environmental factors increase risk for Parkinson's disease. Many of the
known genetic factors influence α-synuclein aggregation or degradation, whereas most of …

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD) have complex pathogenetic
mechanisms. Genetic, age, and environmental factors are all related to PD. Due to the …