Diseases are a significant impediment to aquaculture's sustainable and healthy growth. The
aquaculture industry is suffering significant financial losses as a result of the worsening …

Over the past decade, aquaculture has grown at an average annual growth rate of
approximately 6% worldwide despite many challenges. Viral diseases are one of the major …

In the past decades, global freshwater fish production has been rapidly growing, while
cyprinid takes the largest portion. Along with the rapid rise of novel forms of intensive …

Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV), a (−) ssRNA virus belonging to the genus
Novirhabdovirus of rhabdoviridae family, is the aetiological agent of viral haemorrhagic …

Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) is a commercially important fish species in China.
Despite of its great economic potential, fish farms often suffer severe economic losses due to …

The aquaculture industry in Korea has grown rapidly since the 1960s, and it is a major food
source. However, the expansion of aquaculture systems has increased the chances of …

Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV), an OIE listed viral pathogen, is the etiological
agent of a contagious disease, causing huge economic losses in farmed olive flounder …

Streptococcus agalactiae is considered the main bacterial pathogen in cultured Nile tilapia.
Formaldehyde-inactivated vaccines are the most accepted method for prevention and …

Cytokines play vital roles in mounting immune responses and activating host defense
network. In this study, the expression plasmid pcDNA3. 1 (pcN3) encoding four flounder …

Fish health management has become a critical component of disease control and is
invaluable for improved harvests and sustainable aquaculture. Vaccination is generally …