A wide array of microorganisms, including many novel, phylogenetically deeply rooted taxa,
survive and thrive in extreme environments. These unique and reduced-complexity …

Compared to bacteria, our knowledge of archaeal biology is limited. Historically,
microbiologists have mostly relied on culturing and single-gene diversity surveys to …

After the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (ICSP) had voted to include
the rank of phylum in the rules of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes …

The accrual of genomic data from both cultured and uncultured microorganisms provides
new opportunities to develop systematic taxonomies based on evolutionary relationships …

Aerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria were first isolated more than 100 years ago and
hydroxylamine is known to be an intermediate. The enzymatic steps involving …

The recent recovery of genomes for organisms from phyla with no isolated representative
(candidate phyla) via cultivation-independent genomics enabled delineation of major new …

Woese and Fox's 1977 paper on the discovery of the Archaea triggered a revolution in the
field of evolutionary biology by showing that life was divided into not only prokaryotes and …

Heavy metal contamination of soil has become a serious global issue because of their
persistence in the environment and the non-biodegradable nature leading to their …

Nitrification, as a crucial step in nitrogen cycling and plant nutrition, is a biologically
mediated process responsible for enormous losses of nitrogen fertilizer and a contributor to …

Oxidation of ammonia to nitrite by bacteria and archaea is responsible for global emissions
of nitrous oxide directly and indirectly through provision of nitrite and, after further oxidation …