Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is ubiquitous in the environment, which has been classified as an
established human carcinogen. As the largest and outermost organ of the body, direct …

Melanoma develops as a result of several genetic alterations, with UV radiation often acting
as a mutagenic risk factor. Deep knowledge of the molecular signaling pathways of different …

The dopaminergic system plays important roles in neuromodulation, such as motor control,
motivation, reward, cognitive function, maternal, and reproductive behaviors. Dopamine is a …

Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a key mechanotransduction protein in diverse physiological
and pathological processes; however, a ubiquitous YAP activity regulatory mechanism in …

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) as a small subpopulation in tumor bulk are believed to initiate
tumor formation and are responsible for the resistance to cancer therapy. The proliferation …

The variety of physiological functions controlled by dopamine in the brain and periphery is
mediated by the D 1, D 2, D 3, D 4 and D 5 dopamine GPCRs. Drugs acting on dopamine …

The importance of the physiological function of phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN)
is illustrated by its frequent disruption in cancer. By suppressing the phosphoinositide 3 …

Substance use disorders occur commonly in patients with schizophrenia and dramatically
worsen their overall clinical course. While the exact mechanisms contributing to substance …

G protein-coupled dopamine receptors (D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5) mediate all of the
physiological functions of the catecholaminergic neurotransmitter dopamine, ranging from …

Accumulating evidence reveals that metabolic and cell survival pathways are closely
related, sharing common signaling molecules. Hexokinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of …