The stringent response to nutrient deprivation is a stress response found throughout the
bacterial domain of life. Although first described in proteobacteria for matching ribosome …

The universal stress protein A (UspA) superfamily encompasses an ancient and conserved
group of proteins that are found in bacteria, Archea, fungi, flies and plants. The Escherichia …

It was known previously that 1) the relA gene of Escherichia coli encodes an enzyme
capable of guanosine 3', 5'-bispyrophosphate (ppGpp) synthesis, 2) an uncharacterized …

To determine the role of ppGpp in both negative and positive regulation of transcription
initiation during exponential growth in Escherichia coli, we examined transcription in …

Amino acid starvation in Escherichia coli results in a spectrum of changes in gene
expression, including inhibition of rRNA and tRNA promoters and activation of certain …

Many regulons controlled by alternative ς factors, including ςS and ς32, are poorly induced
in cells lacking the alarmone ppGpp. We show that ppGpp is not absolutely required for the …

A large number of genes encoding enzymes in multiple amino acid biosynthetic pathways
are under a common control in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Expression of these …

The synthesis of ribosomal RNA is the rate-limiting step in ribosome synthesis in bacteria.
There are multiple mechanisms that determine the rate of rRNA synthesis. Ribosomal RNA …

Strains containing ppGpp, a nucleotide whose synthesis is dependent on the RelA and
SpoT proteins of Escherichia coli, display slightly lower rRNA promoter activity and much …

The σ factor σ 70 of E. coli RNA polymerase acts not only in initiation, but also at an early
stage of elongation to induce a transcription pause, and simultaneously to allow the phage λ …