The study of angiogenesis has grown exponentially over the past 40 years with the
recognition that angiogenesis is essential for numerous pathologies and, more recently, with …

We performed a meta-analysis of all 87 published studies linking intratumoral microvessel
density (MVD), reflecting angiogenesis, to relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival …

Fibroblasts often constitute the majority of the stromal cells within a breast carcinoma, yet the
functional contributions of these cells to tumorigenesis are poorly understood. Using a …

There is a need to improve treatments for metastatic breast cancer. Here, we show the
activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase …

Recent studies of tissue culture cells have defined a widespread system of oxygen-
regulated gene expression based on the activation of a heterodimeric transcription factor …

Deficiencies in oxygenation are widespread in solid tumors. The transcription factor hypoxia-
inducible factor (HIF)-1α is an important mediator of the hypoxic response of tumor cells and …

Necrosis is a common feature of invasive carcinoma of the breast and is caused by chronic
ischaemia leading to infarction. Although necrosis was previously assumed to be due to a …

Angiogenesis is essential to the growth and metastasis of solid tumours. Vascular
endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent pro‐angiogenic cytokine that is overexpressed …

TUMOUR ANGIOGENESIS is thought to be initiated by an increase in the level of
angiogenic stimuli and a concomitant decrease in the level of angiogenesis inhibitors[l]. The …

Angiogenesis, the development of new blood vessels from an existing vasculature, is
essential in normal developmental processes and in numerous pathologies, including …