Robot navigation in crowded public spaces is a complex task that requires addressing a
variety of engineering and human factors challenges. These challenges have motivated a …

Since the subject of traffic dynamics has captured the interest of physicists, many surprising
effects have been revealed and explained. Some of the questions now understood are the …

It is suggested that the motion of pedestrians can be described as if they would be subject to
''social forces.''These ''forces''are not directly exerted by the pedestrians' personal …

To test simulation models of pedestrian flows, we have performed experiments for corridors,
bottleneck areas, and intersections. Our evaluations of video recordings show that the …

Since their appearance at the end of the 19th century, traffic lights have been the primary
mode of granting access to road intersections. Today, this centuries-old technology is …

Starting with a short review of the available literature in the field of pedestrian and
evacuation research, an overview is given over the observed collective phenomena in …

This contribution describes efforts to model the behavior of individual pedestrians and their
interactions in crowds, which generate certain kinds of self-organized patterns of motion …

As a ripple of light the fish turn. Like some animate fluid, the school glides and turns again.
The synchrony of motion is captivating. A similar integration of behavior can be seen in a …

Although pedestrians have individual preferences, aims, and destinations, the dynamics of
pedestrian crowds is surprisingly predictable. Pedestrians can move freely only at small …

People spend more than 90% of their life time in buildings, which makes occupant behavior
one of the leading influences of energy consumption in buildings. Occupancy and occupant …