Reorganization of the Asian climate from one dominated by global planetary wind systems
to a regional monsoon climate is closely related to the surface uplift of the Tibetan Plateau …

This study provides a comprehensive and quantitative estimate of how global temperatures
have changed during the last 540 million years. It combines paleotemperature …

Climate tip** points occur when change in a part of the climate system becomes self-
perpetuating beyond a warming threshold, leading to substantial Earth system impacts …

Much of our understanding of Earth's past climate comes from the measurement of oxygen
and carbon isotope variations in deep-sea benthic foraminifera. Yet, long intervals in …

Throughout Earth's history, CO2 is thought to have exerted a fundamental control on
environmental change. Here we review and revise CO2 reconstructions from boron isotopes …

Biodiversity today has the unusual property that 85% of plant and animal species live on
land rather than in the sea, and half of these live in tropical rainforests. An explosive boost to …

The conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into fuels and value-added products is one of the
most significant inventions to address the global warming and energy needs …

Abstract The Miocene epoch (23.03–5.33 Ma) was a time interval of global warmth, relative
to today. Continental configurations and mountain topography transitioned toward modern …

The advent of molecular data has transformed the science of organizing and studying life on
Earth. Genetics-based evidence provides fundamental insights into the diversity, ecology …

The atmosphere of the Archean eon—one-third of Earth's history—is important for
understanding the evolution of our planet and Earth-like exoplanets. New geological proxies …