All living things depend on their natural environment, either directly or indirectly, for their
high quality of life, growth, nutrition, and development. Due to the fast emissions of …

The deep ocean below 200 m water depth is the least observed, but largest habitat on our
planet by volume and area. Over 150 years of exploration has revealed that this dynamic …

Fishes are the dominant vertebrates in the ocean, yet we know little of their contribution to
carbon export flux at regional to global scales. We synthesize the existing information on fish …

Seagrasses export a substantial portion of their primary production, both in particulate and
dissolved organic form, but the fate of this export production remains unaccounted for in …

Three vertical ocean carbon pumps have been known for almost three decades to sequester
atmospheric carbon in the deep-water and sediment reservoirs, ie the solubility pump, the …

Aquatic and terrestrial organisms are being exposed to a number of anthropogenically-
induced environmental stresses as a consequence of climate change. In addition, climate …

Microbial plankton respiration is the key determinant in the balance between the storage of
organic carbon in the oceans or its conversion to carbon dioxide with accompanying …

Inland water carbon (C) sequestration rates play a potentially important role in the balance
between C supplies from the atmosphere and associated watersheds and the net demand of …

Ensuring an economically viable, sustainable and low CO 2 emission extractive fishery is
critical in order to achieve the life below water UN sustainable development goals and the …

The removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by the marine biological pump is a key
regulator of Earth's climate; however, the ocean also serves as a large source of nitrous …