Mitochondria are well known as organelles responsible for the maintenance of cellular
bioenergetics through the production of ATP. Although oxidative phosphorylation may be …

Traditional views of cellular metabolism imply that it is passively adapted to meet the
demands of the cell. It is becoming increasingly clear, however, that metabolites do more …

Aging is characterized by a progressive deterioration of physiological integrity, leading to
impaired functional ability and ultimately increased susceptibility to death. It is a major risk …

Infection susceptibility, poor vaccination efficacy, age-related disease onset, and neoplasms
are linked to innate and adaptive immune dysfunction that accompanies aging (known as …

Organismal ageing is accompanied by progressive loss of cellular function and systemic
deterioration of multiple tissues, leading to impaired function and increased vulnerability to …

Plastic debris in the global biosphere is an increasing concern, and nanoplastic (NPs)
toxicity in humans is far from being understood. Studies have indicated that NPs can affect …

Cellular senescence entails a permanent proliferative arrest, coupled to multiple phenotypic
changes. Among these changes is the release of numerous biologically active molecules …

Inflammation is a biological response involving immune cells, blood vessels and mediators
induced by endogenous and exogenous stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells or …

Mitochondria are traditionally known as the powerhouse of the cell, but their functions
extend far beyond energy production. They are vital in cellular and organismal pathways …

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a coenzyme for redox reactions, making it
central to energy metabolism. NAD+ is also an essential cofactor for non-redox NAD+ …