Atmospheric levels of carbon emissions have been increasing rapidly due to factors such as
industrialisation. In response to this, various governments around the world have introduced …

The demand for perishable products is affected by freshness levels, advertising efforts and
selling prices, among other factors. By virtue of being consumed mostly by humans, quality …

Fast-paced markets require complex interactions from all supply-chain agents to satisfy
customer demands and needs. The manufacturing industries face some difficulties in terms …

Success in the industrial sector is compromised by diverse conditions such as imperfect
product production, manufacturing line interruptions, and unscheduled maintenance. The …

In this time and age, sustainability is a global phenomenon. This article represents a vendor–
buyer integrated inventory system considering defective products. A multi-level quantity …

Sustainable production provides services in a manner that protects the environment and
promotes economic viability. This is safe and healthy for employees, communities as well as …

This paper focuses on the production systems that may produce a proportion of recyclable
defective products. The developed model is called an Economic Recycle Quantity (ERQ) …

Sustainability is a vital issue in the current global economy, which demands the
development of creative models that balance economic viability with the responsible use of …