The historical reliance of biological research on the use of animal models has sometimes
made it challenging to address questions that are specific to the understanding of human …

Oral drug administration has been a popular choice due to patient compliance and limited
clinical resources. Orally delivered drugs must circumvent the harsh gastrointestinal (GI) …

Human intestinal organoids (HIOs) derived from pluripotent stem cells provide a valuable
model for investigating human intestinal organogenesis and physiology, but they lack the …

The intimate relationship between the epithelium and immune system is crucial for
maintaining tissue homeostasis, with perturbations therein linked to autoimmune disease …

Adult-stem-cell-derived organoids model human epithelial tissues ex vivo, which enables
the study of host–microbe interactions with great experimental control. This protocol …

Adhesion ability to the host is a classical selection criterion for potential probiotic bacteria
that could result in a transient colonisation that would help to promote immunomodulatory …

The important and diverse roles of the gut microbiota in human health and disease are
increasingly recognized. The difficulty of inferring causation from metagenomic microbiome …

Growing evidence suggests the importance of the small intestinal bacteria in the diet–host–
microbiota dialogue in various facets of health and disease. Yet, this body site is still poorly …

Bifidobacterium represents a genus within the phylum Actinobacteria which is one of the
major phyla in the healthy intestinal tract of humans. Bifidobacterium is one of the most …

Animal models remain invaluable for study of respiratory diseases, however, translation of
data generated in genetically homogeneous animals housed in a clean and well-controlled …