Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an aggressive interstitial lung disease with a high
mortality rate. Putative drug targets in IPF have failed to translate into effective therapies at …

We develop natural language processing techniques to identify the creation and impact of
new technologies in the population of US patents. We validate the new techniques and their …

We study the effect of competition on firm innovation at the product level. We instrument
shocks to competition in therapeutic areas with the FDA's breakthrough designation therapy …

Why are startups more likely than incumbent firms to bring scientific advances to market? In
light of the recent decline in productivity and rise in industry concentration, understanding …

Why are startups more likely than incumbents to commercialize novel products when faced
with a scientific breakthrough? The question has become a pressing one in light of a …