Recovery of natural gas and oil from unconventional (shale) reservoirs relies on horizontal
drilling and hydraulic fracturing to make it economical. Hydraulic fracturing generates vast …

The shale boom in North America started more than a decade ago, however, the issue of
substantial fracturing fluid loss inside shale did not draw much attention for a decade. In the …

Organic contaminants in shale gas flowback and produced water (FPW) are traditionally
expressed as total organic carbon (TOC) or chemical oxygen demand (COD), though these …

Multiphase (adsorbed and free) liquid water that is accumulated in shale matrix pores (ie,
pore water) substantially affects the storage and transport of gas in shale. Traditionally used …

Spontaneous imbibition behavior gained popularity several decades ago which led to
widely exploited application in fractured reservoirs. Recently the imbibition behavior of …

A major concern associated with current shale-gas extraction is high consumption of water
resources. However, decision-making problems regarding water consumption and shale …

Spontaneous imbibition in shale is commonly observed during and after hydraulic fracturing.
This mechanism greatly influences hydrocarbon recovery in shale plays, therefore attracting …

Shale gas development potentially contaminates both air and water compartments. To assist
in governmental decision-making on future explorations, we reviewed scattered information …

Hydraulic fracturing is currently one of the most economical and effective means to develop
shale oil resources. However, the fracturing effects in shale oil wells vary significantly. The …

The use of hydraulic fracturing (HF) to extract oil and natural gas has increased, along with
intensive discussions on the associated risks to human health. Three technical processes …