▪ Abstract We review the evidence of regime shifts in terrestrial and aquatic environments in
relation to resilience of complex adaptive ecosystems and the functional roles of biological …

A leading idea about how disturbances and other environmental fluctuations affect species
diversity is the intermediate disturbance hypothesis (IDH). The IDH states that diversity of …

Climate change is impacting virtually all marine life. Adaptation strategies will require a
robust understanding of the risks to species and ecosystems and how those propagate to …

Restoring vegetation in degraded ecosystems is an increasingly common practice for
promoting biodiversity and ecological function, but successful implementation is hampered …

Human alterations to nutrient cycles, and herbivore communities,,,, are affecting global
biodiversity dramatically. Ecological theory predicts these changes should be strongly …

Biodiversity of phytoplankton is important for ecosystem stability and marine
biogeochemistry. However, the large-scale patterns of diversity are not well understood and …

Serious concerns have been raised about the ecological effects of industrialized fishing,,,
spurring a United Nations resolution on restoring fisheries and marine ecosystems to …

The decline of biodiversity with latitude has received great attention, but both the concise
pattern and the causes of the gradient are under strong debate. Most studies of the …

Remote-sensing systems typically produce imagery that averages information over tens or
even hundreds of square meters–far too coarse to detect most organisms–so the remote …

Overexploitation threatens the future of many large vertebrates. In the ocean, tunas and sea
turtles are current conservation concerns because of this intense pressure. The status of …