This paper begins with a review of the history of remote sensing algorithms for the
determination of particulate inorganic carbon (PIC; aka calcium carbonate), primarily …

Marine viruses are the most abundant biological entity in the ocean and are considered as
major evolutionary drivers of microbial life [CA Suttle, Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 5, 801–812 …

The balance of physical and biological processes governing phytoplankton growth rates and
the accumulation of biomass is widely debated in the literature, notably during the winter …

Sea level rise (SLR) is a major concern for Europe, where 30 million people live in the
historical 1-in-100-year event flood coastal plains. The latest IPCC assessment reports …

Southern Ocean waters are projected to undergo profound changes in their physical and
chemical properties in the coming decades. Coccolithophore blooms in the Southern Ocean …

Zooplankton on continental shelves represent an important intermediary in the transfer of
energy and matter from phytoplankton to the wider ecosystem. Their taxonomic composition …

Identifying mechanisms driving the substantial dissolution of biogenic CaCO3 (60 to 80%) in
surface and mesopelagic waters of the global ocean is critical for constraining the surface …

The seasonally ice-covered marine region of the European Arctic has experienced warming
and sea ice loss in the last two decades. During expeditions in August 2020 and 2021, new …

Coccolithophore seasonality was examined in the southeastern Mediterranean Sea, both at
the edge of the coastal shelf and in the open sea offshore Israel during 2018–2019 …

Giant viruses infect many unicellular eukaryotes, including algae that form massive oceanic
blooms. Despite the major impact of viruses on the marine ecosystem, the ability to quantify …