A multipath error is one of the main sources of GNSS positioning errors. It cannot be
eliminated by forming double-difference and other methods, and it has become an issue in …

Global navigation satellite system precise point positioning (PPP) technology can be
significantly affected by multipath errors of code and phase observations. Previous studies …

Abstract Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is an important technical tool for
building deformation monitoring, but in complex environments such as urban canyons, the …

In urban environments, the code measurements of Global Navigation Satellite System
(GNSS) on smartphones can be significantly degraded by presence of multipath and non …

Multipath effect is one of the major challenges for Global Navigation Satellite Systems
(GNSS) to achieve millimeter-level high-precision positioning and orbit determination …

GNSS technologies such as Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) and Precise Point Positioning
(PPP) have become indispensable for landslide monitoring. However, RTK relies on stable …

Abstract The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) features a heterogeneous
constellation, which poses challenges in accurately characterizing the spatiotemporal …

Multipath effects are the most challenging error sources for the Global Navigation Satellite
System receiver, affecting observation quality and positioning accuracy. Due to the non …

Real-time GNSS PPP is commonly used for high-precision positioning, but its utility is
constrained by factors that necessitate extended convergence periods for a dependable …

The multi-point hemispherical grid model (MHGM) utilizes residual of double-differenced
observations to extract precise multipath error information. It models the entire network of …