Bone, cartilage, and soft tissue regeneration is a complex spatiotemporal process recruiting
a variety of cell types, whose activity and interplay must be precisely mediated for effective …

Although stem cell-based therapy has demonstrated considerable potential to manage
certain diseases more successfully than conventional surgery, it nevertheless comes with …

In the early stage of osteoarthritis (OA), cartilage degradation in the surface region leads to
superficial cartilage defect. However, enhancing the regeneration of cartilage defect remains …

Background This study aimed to investigate the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem
cell (BMSC)-derived exosome injection on cartilage damage and pain relief in both in vitro …

Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles that serve as mediators for cell-to-cell communication.
With their unique nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids cargo compositions that reflect the …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common disabling joint disease throughout the world and its
therapeutic effect is still not satisfactory in clinic nowadays. Recent studies showed that the …

In clinical practice, repairing osteochondral defects presents a challenge due to the varying
biological properties of articular cartilages and subchondral bones. Thus, elucidating how …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being extensively investigated for their potential in
tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, recent evidence suggests that the …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold great promise as therapeutic modalities due to their
endogenous characteristics, however, further bioengineering refinement is required to …

Background Despite increasing clinical investigations emphasizing the safety of
mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy in different populations with different diseases, no …