As sessile organisms, plants are unable to avoid being subjected to environmental stresses
that negatively affect their growth and productivity. Instead, they utilize various mechanisms …

Abstract Persian or English walnut (Juglans regia L.), the walnut species cultivated for nut
production, is one of the oldest food sources known. Persian walnuts, native to the mountain …

Phenology is a key aspect of plant and animal life strategies that determines the ability to
capture seasonally variable resources. It defines the season and duration of growth and …

The onset of the growing season of trees has been earlier by 2.3 days per decade during the
last 40 years in temperate Europe because of global warming. The effect of temperature on …

Woody plants are characterised by a highly complex vascular system, wherein the
secondary xylem (wood) is responsible for the axial transport of water and various …

The vascular system of grapevine (Vitis spp.) has been reported as being highly vulnerable,
even though grapevine regularly experiences seasonal drought. Consequently, stomata …

Spring frosts, as experienced in Europe in April 2016 and 2017, pose a considerable risk to
agricultural production, with the potential to cause significant damages to agricultural yields …

Woody perennials' reliance on nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) reserves for the
resumption of spring growth necessitates an accumulation of NSC prior to dormancy. It is …

A stable below‐canopy microclimate of forests is essential for their biodiversity and
ecosystem functionality. Forest management necessarily modifies the buffering capacity of …

Environmental factors play critical role in determining growth and development of fruits. This
phenomenon has been known for quite a while, and endeavors have been made worldwide …