This review article examines the link between tourism and soft power in view of five (four
proposed by Ooi) interlinked ways (approaches). It also looks whether Malaysia (as a case …

In a novel approach to the field of Islamic politics, this provocative new study compares the
evolution of Islamic populism in Indonesia, the country with the largest Muslim population in …

Geographical perspectives and approaches are implemented in some areas of conflict
research, but can benefit many more. While the body of geographically-oriented terrorism …

The post-cold war era has seen an unmistakable trend toward the proliferation of violent non-
state groups-variously labeled terrorists, rebels, paramilitaries, gangs, and criminals-near …

Why do hard-line terrorists decide to leave their organizations and quit the world of terror
and destruction? This is the question for which Julie Chernov Hwang seeks answers in Why …

Seemingly from its birth, Pakistan has teetered on the brink of becoming a failed state.
Today, it ranks 133rd out of 148 countries in global competitiveness. Its economy is as …

Cooperation among militant organizations contributes to capability but also presents security
risks. This is particularly the case when organizations face substantial repression from the …

De facto states, such as Somaliland (Somalia), are unrecognized separatist enclaves that
display characteristics of statehood but lack an international legal status. To acquire …

States often fortify their borders against militant threats. How do these efforts shape civilian
welfare and perceptions in borderland communities? I conceptualize border fortification as a …

Abstract Since 2009 when Boko Haram launched its first attack in Nigeria, the terrorist sect
has remained a significant security and economic threat to the countries of the Lake Chad …