Observation‐based and modeling studies have identified the Eastern Mediterranean and
Middle East (EMME) region as a prominent climate change hotspot. While several initiatives …

Marine foundation species are the biotic basis for many of the world's coastal ecosystems,
providing structural habitat, food, and protection for myriad plants and animals as well as …

In recent decades, the warming in the Arctic has been much faster than in the rest of the
world, a phenomenon known as Arctic amplification. Numerous studies report that the Arctic …

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessments are the trusted source of
scientific evidence for climate negotiations taking place under the United Nations …

This chapter assesses simulations of future global climate change, spanning time horizons
from the near term (2021–2040), mid-term (2041–2060), and long term (2081–2100) out to …

It is unequivocal that the increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4)
and nitrous oxide (N2O) since the pre-industrial period are caused by human activities. The …

Caption: Table A. 11. 2. Synthesis table summarising assessments presented in Tables 11.4-
11.21 for hot extremes (HOT EXT.), heavy precipitation (HEAVY PRECIP.), agriculture and …

Quantifying rates of climate change in mountain regions is of considerable interest, not least
because mountains are viewed as climate “hotspots” where change can anticipate or …

This review explains the science behind the drive for global net zero emissions and why this
is needed to halt the ongoing rise in global temperatures. We document how the concept of …

The critical temperature beyond which photosynthetic machinery in tropical trees begins to
fail averages approximately 46.7° C (T crit). However, it remains unclear whether leaf …