In this review, we describe the application of one of the most popular deep learning-based
language models-BERT. The paper describes the mechanism of operation of this model, the …

Abstract Sign Languages (SLs) are employed by deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) people to
communicate on a daily basis. However, the communication with hearing people still faces …

We propose BERTScore, an automatic evaluation metric for text generation. Analogously to
common metrics, BERTScore computes a similarity score for each token in the candidate …

Nowadays, in the globalised context in which we find ourselves, language barriers can still
be an obstacle to accessing information. On occasions, it is impossible to satisfy the demand …

Natural language processing (NLP) has recently gained much attention for representing and
analyzing human language computationally. It has spread its applications in various fields …

In the last few years, a large number of automatic evaluation metrics have been proposed for
evaluating Natural Language Generation (NLG) systems. The rapid development and …

Within the field of Statistical Machine Translation (SMT), the neural approach (NMT) has
recently emerged as the first technology able to challenge the long-standing dominance of …

This paper presents the results of the WMT14 shared tasks, which included a standard news
translation task, a separate medical translation task, a task for run-time estimation of …

An equal opportunity for all is the basic right of every human being. The deaf society of the
world needs to have access to all the information just like hearing people do. For this to …

Often, the training procedure for statistical machine translation models is based on maximum
likelihood or related criteria. A general problem of this approach is that there is only a loose …