Contaminated soil containing toxic metals and metalloids is found everywhere globally. As a
consequence of adsorption and precipitation reactions, metals are comparatively immobile …

Soil pollution from potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is a serious environmental issue
worldwide that affects agricultural safety and human health. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi …

Heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants are causing detrimental effects on the
environment. The seepage of heavy metals through untreated industrial waste destroys the …

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form symbiotic relationships with the roots of nearly all
land-dwelling plants, increasing growth and productivity, especially during abiotic stress …

Chromium (Cr) is one of the toxic elements that harms all forms of life, including plants.
Industrial discharges and mining largely contribute to Cr release into the soil environment …

Cadmium (Cd) pollution in croplands is a global environmental problem. Measures to
improve the tolerance of sensitive crops and reduce pollutant absorption and accumulation …

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) influence silicon (Si) uptake by plants, but the
mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the mechanisms of AMF-mediated Si …

Phytoremediation, the use of plants to remove heavy metals from polluted environments, has
been extensively studied. However, abiotic stresses such as drought, salt, and high …

Cadmium (Cd) stress causes serious damage to plants, inducing various physiological and
biochemical disruptions that lead to reduced plant biomass and compromised growth. The …

Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), possess multifarious beneficial traits and facilitate
plant growth by both direct and indirect mechanisms under hostile conditions. The objective …