ABSTRACT Introduction Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) has generated substantial clinical and
scientific interest as a complex natural product. Its predominant alkaloid mitragynine and …

Importance Kratom products, which are sold legally in most of the US, contain alkaloids with
opioidergic, adrenergic, and serotonergic activity. Millions of people use kratom to relieve …

Background Kratom products are widely used in the United States, with inadequate
understanding of how dosing amounts/frequencies relate to outcomes. Methods Between …

Methods We aimed to assess acute effects following kratom use in adults who use regularly,
and quantify alkaloids in the products, urine, and plasma. Between July and November …

Objectives Kratom leaf products are increasingly consumed in the United States, with many
consumers reporting they experience beneficial effects from kratom use. However, there is a …

Objectives Despite widespread kratom use, there is a lack of knowledge regarding its effects
on driving. We evaluated the self-reported driving behaviors of kratom consumers and …

Background and aims Using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), we undertook a
natural experiment wherein kratom-product variability was a tool to assess kratom dose …

Background: Kratom is a plant with alkaloids acting at opioid, serotonergic, adrenergic, and
other receptors. Consumers report numerous use motivations. Objectives: To distinguish …

Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is increasingly used in the US for self-management of pain,
despite limited research on its efficacy and safety. To better understand how and why people …

Objectives To estimate lifetime, past-year, and past-month prevalence of kratom, cannabis,
and cannabidiol-only product use among adults 18 years and older in the United States …