For more than 400 million years, mycorrhizal fungi and plants have formed partnerships that
are crucial to the emergence and functioning of global ecosystems. The importance of these …

The increasing levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere have become a major
environmental challenge due to their contribution to global warming. The primary drivers of …

Ocean acidification may have severe consequences for marine ecosystems; however,
assessing its future impact is difficult because laboratory experiments and field observations …

Rock weathering is a key process in global elemental cycling. Life participates in this
process with tangible consequences observed from the mineral interface to the planetary …

Here, the coevolution of mycorrhizal fungi and roots is assessed in the light of evidence now
available, from palaeobotanical and morphological studies and the analysis of DNA‐based …

Rivers and Floodplains is concerned with the origin, geometry, water flow, sediment
transport, erosion and deposition associated with modern alluvial rivers and floodplains …

The origin and early evolution of land plants in the mid-Palaeozoic era, between about 480
and 360 million years ago, was an important event in the history of life, with far-reaching …

Paleosols (fossil soils) are preserved throughout the geologic record in depositional settings
ranging from alluvial systems to between basalt flows. Until recently, paleosols were studied …

We review the evidence of how organisms and populations are currently responding to
climate change through phenotypic plasticity, genotypic evolution, changes in distribution …

Background The soil represents a reservoir that contains at least twice as much carbon as
does the atmosphere, yet (apart from 'root crops') mainly just the above-ground plant …