The ecological co‐dependency between plants and hummingbirds is a classic example of a
mutualistic interaction: hummingbirds rely on floral nectar to fuel their rapid metabolisms …

Plant–hummingbird interactions are considered a classic example of coevolution, a process
in which mutually dependent species influence each other's evolution. Plants depend on …

One of the reasons why flowering plants became the most diverse group of land plants is
their association with animals to reproduce. The earliest examples of this mutualism …

Hummingbirds are the most speciose group of vertebrate nectarivores and exhibit striking
bill variation in association with their floral food sources. To explicitly link comparative …

Nectar-feeding birds employ unique mechanisms to collect minute liquid rewards hidden
within floral structures. In recent years, techniques developed to study drinking mechanisms …

Female-limited polymorphisms, where females have multiple forms but males have only
one, have been described in a variety of animals, yet are difficult to explain because …

Hummingbirds are well known for their hovering flight, one of the most energetically
expensive modes of locomotion among animals. Molt is a costly event in the annual cycle, in …

Research that integrates animal behavior theory with mechanics—including biomechanics,
physiology, and functional morphology—can reveal how organisms accomplish tasks crucial …

Traits that exhibit differences between the sexes have been of special interest in the study of
phenotypic evolution. Classic hypotheses explain sexually dimorphic traits via intra-sexual …

Differences among hummingbird species in bill length and shape have rightly been viewed
as adaptive in relation to the morphology of the flowers they visit for nectar. In this study we …