Pathogenicity of most Gram-negative plant-pathogenic bacteria depends on the type III
secretion (T3S) system, which translocates bacterial effector proteins into plant cells. Type III …

The hypersensitive response (HR) of plants resistant to microbial pathogens involves a
complex form of programmed cell death (PCD) that differs from developmental PCD in its …

Salicylic acid (SA) is an essential hormone in plant immunity, but its receptor has remained
elusive for decades. The transcriptional coregulator NPR1 is central to the activation of SA …

Rice expressing the Pi-ta gene is resistant to strains of the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe
grisea, expressing AVR-Pita in a gene-for-gene relationship. Pi-ta encodes a putative …

Abstract The Guard Model for disease resistance postulates that plant resistance proteins
act by monitoring (guarding) the target of their corresponding pathogen effector. We posit …

In plants and animals, the NLR family of receptors perceives non-self and modified-self
molecules inside host cells and mediates innate immune responses to microbial pathogens …

Plant receptor-like kinases (RLKs) are transmembrane proteins with putative amino-terminal
extracellular domains and carboxyl-terminal intracellular kinase domains, with striking …

Many disease resistance (R) proteins of plants detect the presence of disease-causing
bacteria, viruses, or fungi by recognizing specific pathogen effector molecules that are …

Closely related pathogens may differ dramatically in host range, but the molecular, genetic,
and evolutionary basis for these differences remains unclear. In many Gram-negative …

Gene-for-gene plant disease resistance involves two basic processes: perception of
pathogen attack, followed by responses to limit disease. Perception involves receptors with …