A wide variety of insects use spatial memories in behaviours like holding a position in air or
flowing water, in returning to a place of safety, and in foraging. The Hymenoptera, in …

It is generally accepted that there is something special about reasoning by using mental
images. The question of how it is special, however, has never been satisfactorily spelled out …

The metaphor of a" cognitive map" has attracted wide interest since it was first proposed in
the late 1940s. Researchers from fields as diverse as psychology, geography, and urban …

The navigational strategies that are used by foraging ants and bees to reach a goal are
similar to those of birds and mammals. Species from all these groups use path integration …

Among the so-called simpler organisms, the honey bee is one of the few examples of an
animal with a highly evolved social structure, a rich behavioral repertoire, an exquisite …

Research over the past century has revealed the impressive capacities of the honeybee,
Apis mellifera, in relation to visual perception, flight guidance, navigation, and learning and …

From the traditional perspective of associative learning theory, the hypothesis linking
modifications of synaptic transmission to learning and memory is plausible. It is less so from …

Research in the honeybee has laid the foundations for our understanding of insect colour
vision. The trichromatic colour vision of honeybees shares fundamental properties with …

Honey bees, Apis mellifera, were trained along a row of four identical landmarks (tetrahedral
tents 3· 46 m high) which were equally spaced in a set-up 300 m long, the feeder being …

Individually foraging desert ants of central Australia, Melophorus bagoti, exhibit amazingly
precise mechanisms of visual landmark guidance when navigating through cluttered …