Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) play important roles in mammalian growth, development,
aging, and diseases. Aberrant IGFs signaling may lead to malignant transformation and …

Background The insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway has a major role in the regulation of
longevity both in Caenorhabditis elegans and mammalian species, ie, reduced activity of …

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to tumor invasion and metastasis in
many cancers and correlates highly with the acquisition of cancer stem cell (CSC) …

Abstract The Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1 (RACK1) is a member of the tryptophan-
aspartate repeat (WD-repeat) family of proteins and shares significant homology to the β …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) exerts critical pro-tumorigenic effects through cytokines
and growth factors that support cancer cell proliferation, survival, motility and invasion …

RACK1 is a highly conserved intracellular adaptor protein with significant homology to Gβ
and was originally identified as the anchoring protein for activated protein kinase C. In the …

The bone marrow microenvironmental components interleukin (IL)-6 and fibronectin (FN)
individually influence the proliferation and survival of multiple myeloma (MM) cells; however …

Insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptors utilize common phosphoinositide 3-
kinase/Akt and Ras/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathways to mediate a …

Autophagy-mediated chemoresistance is the core mechanism for therapeutic failure and
poor prognosis in breast cancer. Breast cancer chemotherapy resistance is believed to be …

Ability to grow under anchorage-independent conditions is one of the major hallmarks of
transformed cells. Key to this is the capacity of cells to suppress anoikis, or programmed cell …