Permafrost regions at high latitudes and altitudes store about half of the Earth's soil organic
carbon (SOC). These areas are also some of the most intensely affected by anthropogenic …

Tip** elements are components of the Earth system which may respond nonlinearly to
anthropogenic climate change by transitioning toward substantially different long‐term …

This chapter assesses the state of physical, biological and social knowledge concerning the
Arctic and Antarctic ocean and cryosphere, how they are affected by climate change, and …

The permafrost zone is expected to be a substantial carbon source to the atmosphere, yet
large-scale models currently only simulate gradual changes in seasonally thawed soil …

This much is clear: the Arctic is warming fast, and frozen soils are starting to thaw, often for
the first time in thousands of years. But how this happens is as murky as the mud that oozes …

Permafrost thaw can stimulate microbial decomposition and induce soil carbon (C) loss,
potentially triggering a positive C-climate feedback. However, earlier observations have …

The Arctic is a water-rich region, with freshwater systems covering about 16% of the northern
permafrost landscape. Permafrost thaw creates new freshwater ecosystems, while at the …

This review summarizes current understanding of how climate change-driven physical and
ecological processes influence the levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and …

Soils are sources of the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) globally, but emissions
from permafrost-affected soils have been considered negligible owing to nitrogen (N) …

Input of labile carbon may accelerate the decomposition of existing soil organic matter
(priming effect), with the priming intensity depending on changes in soil nitrogen availability …