BACKGROUND Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are places in the ocean that receive
protection to safeguard biodiversity from abatable threats. Confusion exists about the …

Understanding the processes sha** biological communities under multiple disturbances
is a core challenge in ecology and conservation science. Traditionally, ecologists have …

The spatial extent of marine and terrestrial protected areas (PAs) was among the most
intensely debated issues prior to the decision about the post‐2020 Global Biodiversity …

Aim A large body of knowledge exists on individual anthropogenic threats that have an
impact on marine biodiversity in the Mediterranean Sea, although we know little about how …

Biological traits offer valuable approaches to understand species distributions and
underlying mechanisms. Their use has received a growing interest in marine community …

Species' functional roles in key ecosystem processes such as predation, pollination or seed
dispersal are determined by the resource use of consumer species. An interaction between …

The assessment of climate change impacts on biodiversity has so far been biased toward
the taxonomic identification of the species likely either to benefit from climate modifications …

Understanding the patterns and ecological determinants of β diversity in freshwater
ecosystems is fundamental to biogeography, conservation biology, and environmental …

Determining how ecosystem function and services are related to diversity is necessary for
predicting the consequences of diversity loss and for setting goals and priorities for marine …

The success of MPAs in conserving fishing resources and protecting marine biodiversity
relies strongly on how well they meet their planned (or implicit) management goals. From a …