The immune system enables organisms to combat infections and to eliminate endogenous
challenges. Immune responses can be evoked through diverse inducible pathways …

Potyvirus is the largest genus of plant viruses causing significant losses in a wide range of
crops. Potyviruses are aphid transmitted in a nonpersistent manner and some of them are …

Background Among the environmental limitations that affect plant growth, viruses cause
major crop losses worldwide and represent serious threats to food security. Significant …

The plant immune system perceives pathogens to trigger defense responses. In turn,
pathogens secrete effector molecules to subvert these defense responses. The initiation and …

RNA viruses have very compact genomes and so provide a unique opportunity to study how
evolution works to optimize the use of very limited genomic information. A widespread viral …

Potyviruses represent one of the most economically important and widely distributed groups
of plant viruses. Despite considerable progress towards understanding the cellular and …

In the evolutionary arms race between pathogens and plants, pathogens evolved effector
molecules that they secrete into the host to subvert plant cellular responses in a process …

Potyviral helper component proteinase (HCP ro) is a well‐characterized suppressor of
antiviral RNA silencing, but its mechanism of action is not yet fully understood. In this study …

• Tomato leaf curl Yunnan virus (TLCYnV)-encoded C4 protein induces the upregulation of
the hypersensitive induced reaction 1 (HIR1) gene but interferes with the HIR1-mediated …

Food security is threatened by various biotic stresses that affect the growth and production of
agricultural crops. Viral diseases have become a serious concern for crop plants as they …