Pavlovian fear conditioning is a particularly useful behavioral paradigm for exploring the
molecular mechanisms of learning and memory because a well-defined response to a …

Rationale Current pharmacological approaches to treatment of post-traumatic stress
disorder (PTSD) lack adequate effectiveness. As a result, identifying new molecular targets …

In vertebrate models of synaptic plasticity, signaling via the putative “retrograde messenger”
nitric oxide (NO) has been hypothesized to serve as a critical link between functional and …

Aversive learning is fundamental for animals to increase chances of survival. In addition to
classical neurotransmitters, neuropeptides have emerged to modulate such complex …

Over the past decade, several studies have indicated that chronic resistance exercise (ie,
strength training, weight lifting, etc.) is beneficial for brain health and cognitive function …

Pavlovian threat conditioning is a behavioral paradigm that has been successfully utilized to
define the mechanisms underlying threat (fear) memory formation. The amygdala is a …

Associative fear learning is a fundamental learning mechanism that is crucial for an animal's
survival. The amygdala's role in fear memory formation has been studied extensively and …

Memory is thought to be sparsely encoded throughout multiple brain regions forming unique
memory trace. Although evidence has established that the amygdala is a key brain site for …

We have recently hypothesized that NO-cGMP-PKG signaling in the lateral nucleus of the
amygdala (LA) during auditory fear conditioning coordinately regulates ERK-driven …

Experience-induced changes associated with odor learning are mediated by a number of
signaling molecules, including nitric oxide (NO), which is predominantly synthesized by …